2.11 References

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-87.

Agnew, R. (2011). Toward a unified criminology:  Integrating assumptions about crime, people, and society. New York University Press.

Alexander, B. K. (2008). The globalization of addiction: A study in poverty of the spirit.  Oxford University Press.

Andresen, M.A. (2009). Crime specialization across the Canadian provinces. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 51(1), 31 – 53.

Ashby, M.P.J. (2020). Initial evidence on the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and crime in the United States. Crime Science, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00117-6

Baum, D. (1996). Smoke and mirrors: The war on drugs and the politics of failure. Little, Brown.

Beirne, P., & Messerschmidt, J.W. (2011). Criminology: A sociological approach. Oxford University Press.

Beitsch, R. (2018). “#MeToo Has Changed Our Culture. Now It’s Changing Our Laws.” Pew Charitable Trusts. July 18. Retrieved from:  https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2018/07/31/metoo-has-changed-our-culture-now-its-changing-our-laws.

Beletsky, L., & Davis, C.S. (2017) Today’s fentanyl crisis: Prohibition’s iron law, revisited. International Journal of Drug Policy, 46, 156-159.

Bennet, T., Holloway, K., & Farrington, D.P. (2008). The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: A meta-analysis.  Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(2), 107-118.

Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. Doubleday.

Blumstein, A., & Wallman, J. (2006). The crime drop in America. Cambridge University Press.

Boman, J.H., & Gallupe, O. (2020) Has COVID-19 changed crime? Crime rates in the United States during the pandemic. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45, 537–545.

Bonn, S. (2014). Why we love serial killers: The curious appeal of the world’s most savage murderers.  Skyhorse Publishing.

Boyd, Neil (2015) Understanding crime in Canada. Emond Montgomery Publications.

Byrne, J. M., & Kimball, K. A. (2017). Inside the Darknet: techno-crime and criminal opportunity. Criminal justice technology in the 21st century, 206-232.  Charles C. Thomas Publisher.

Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociology Review, 44, 588-608.

Corrado R., & Cohen I. (2011) Aboriginal youth at risk: The role of education, mobility, housing, employment, and language as protective factors for problem and criminal behaviours. In: P. Dinsdale, J. White, & C. Hanselmann (Eds). Urban Aboriginal Communities in Canada: Complexities, Challenges, Opportunities. Thompson Education, 2–36.

Corrado, R.R., Kuehn, S., & Margaritescu, I. (2014). Policy issues regarding the overrepresentation of incarcerated Aboriginal young offenders in a Canadian context. Youth Justice, 14(1), 40-62.

Cowan, R. (1986). How the narcs created crack: A war against ourselves. National Review, 38(23), 26–34.

Farrell, G. (2013). Five tests for a theory of the crime drop. Crime Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-7680-2-5

Felson, M. and Eckert, M. (2018). Crime and everyday life (6th Edition).  Sage.

Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.

Greenwald, G. (2009). Drug decriminalization in Portugal: Lessons for creating successful drug control policies.  The Cato Institute. Retrieved from:  https://www.cato.org/publications/white-paper/drug-decriminalization-portugal-lessons-creating-fair-successful-drug-policies.

Hall, S. (2012). Synopsis of theorizing crime and deviance: A new perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, 6(2), 145-155.

Heidt, J. (2021). Tangled up in green:  Cannabis legalization in British Columbia after one year [PDF]. School of Criminology & Criminal Justice. University of the Fraser Valley: Abbotsford, BC, Canada. Retrieved from: https://cjr.ufv.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Tangled-Up-in-Green-Cannabis-Legalization-in-British-Columbia-After-One-Year.pdf

Heidt, J., Dosanjh, A., & Roberts, D. (2018). Great expectations? Perceptions of cannabis regulation in Abbotsford [PDF].B.C. School of Criminology & Criminal Justice. University of the Fraser Valley:  Abbotsford, BC, Canada. Retrieved from:  https://cjr.ufv.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Cannabis-Report-for-web.pdf

Heidt, J., & Wheeldon, J. (2021). Data, damn lies, and cannabis policy: Reefer madness and the methodological crimes of the new prohibitionists. Critical Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-020-09548-8

Hughes C. E., & Stevens, A. (2010). What can we learn from the Portuguese decriminalization of illicit drugs? British Journal of Criminology, 50, 999-1022.

Hughes C. E., & Stevens, A. (2014). A resounding success or a disastrous failure: Re-examining the interpretation of evidence on the Portuguese decriminalization of illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31, 101-113.

Krakauer, J. (2015). Missoula: Rape and the justice system in a college town. Doubleday.

Lauritsen, J. L. (2014). Seasonal patterns in criminal victimization trends.  U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Levy, R., & Mattsson, M. (2019) The effects of social movements: Evidence from #MeToo. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3496903

MacCoun, R. J., & Reuter, P. (2001). Drug war heresies: Learning from other vices, times, and places. Cambridge University Press.

Maté, G. (2008). In the realm of hungry ghosts: Close encounters with addiction. Knopf Canada.

Miron, Jeffery (2004). Drug war crimes: The consequences of prohibition.  Independent Institute. 

Mitchell, O., & Caudy, M.S. (2014). Examining racial disparities in drug arrests. Justice Quarterly, 32(2), 288–313.

Monchalin, L. (2016). The colonial problem:  An Indigenous perspective on crime and justice in Canada.  University of Toronto Press.

Moreau, G. (2019). Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2019. Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics:  Statistics Canada. Retrieved from:  https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2019001/article/00013-eng.htm

Moreau, G., Jaffray, B., & Armstrong, A. (2020). Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2019. Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics: Statistics Canada. Retrieved from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00010-eng.htm

Nivette, A. (2011). Cross-national predictors of crime: A meta-analysis. Homicide Studies, 15(2), 103-131.

O’Connor, L., & Marans, D. (2017).  Trump condemned racism as ‘evil.’ Here are 20 times he embraced it. Huffington Post (August 14th).  Retrieved from: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-racism-examples_n_5991dcabe4b09071f69b9261

Owusu-Bempah, A., & Luscombe, A. (2020). Race, cannabis and the Canadian war on drugs: An examination of cannabis arrest data by race in five cities. International Journal of Drug Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102937

Perry, B., & Scrivens, R.A. (2016). Uneasy alliances: A look at the right-wing extremist movement in Canada. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(9), 819-841.

Perry, B., & Scrivens, R.A (2018). Climate for hate? An exploration of the right-wing extremist landscape in Canada. Critical Criminology, 26, 169–187.

Quinney, R. (1970). The social reality of crime. BLittle, Brown and Company.

Quinney, R. (1974). Critique of the legal order. Little, Brown and Company.

Reinarman, C. (2009). Cannabis policies and user practices: Market separation, price, potency, and accessibility in Amsterdam and San Francisco. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(1), 28-37.

Reinarman, C., Cohen, P. D. A., & Kaal, H. L. (2004). The limited relevance of drug policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 94(5), 836-842.

Robinson, M.B., & Scherlen, R. (2014). Lies, damned lies, and drug war statistics: A critical analysis of claims made by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. State University of New York Press.

Roy, J., & Marcellus, S. (2018). Homicide in Canada, 2018. Statistics Canada. Retrieved from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2019001/article/00016-eng.htm

Schmalleger, F., & Volk, R. (2014). Canadian criminology today (5^th ed.). Pearson.

Sellin, T. (1938) Culture, conflict, and crime. New York: Social Science Research Council.

Statistics Canada (2020). Table 35-10-0066-01. Police-reported hate crime, by type of motivation, Canada (selected police services). Retrieved from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510006601

Stickle, B., & Felson, M. (2020). Crime rates in a pandemic: The largest criminological experiment in history. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45, 525–536.

Tasker, Paul (2021). Canada labels the Proud Boys, neo-Nazi groups as terrorists. (Feb. 3rd). CBC News.  https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-proud-boys-terrorists-1.5899186

Taylor, I., Walton, P., & Young, J. (1973). The new criminology: For a social theory of deviance. Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Tonry, M. (2004). Thinking about crime: Sense and sensibility in American penal culture. Oxford Press.

Trussler T. (2010). Explaining the changing nature of homicide clearance in Canada. International Criminal Justice Review, 20(4):366-383.

Wiersma-Mosley, J. D., & Jozkowski, K. N. (2019). A Brief Report of Sexual Violence among Universities with NCAA Division I Athletic Programs. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9020017

Wright, R. T., & Decker, S. H. (1994). Burglars on the job: Streetlife and residential break-ins. Northeastern University Press.

Wright, R., & Decker, S. H. (1997). Armed robbers in action: Stickups and street culture. Northeastern University Press.

Ye Hee Lee, M. (2015). Donald Trump’s false comments connecting Mexican immigrants and crime. The Washington Post (July 8th).  Retrieved from: https://www.google.ca/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/08/donald-trumps-false-comments-connecting-mexican-immigrants-and-crime/%3foutputType=amp

Zhou, L. (2020). Trump’s racist references to the coronavirus are his latest effort to stoke xenophobia. VOX (June 23rd). Retrieved from: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/23/21300332/trump-coronavirus-racism-asian-americans

Zimring, F. (2007). The great American crime decline. Oxford University Press.