34 NorQuest Elder Citation

NorQuest College is based in Alberta. Librarian Lorisia MacLeod (James Smith Cree Nation) developed an Elder Citation template in consultation with community Elders. This citation element is used to show respect for Indigenous Elders and to emphasize the importance of Oral Traditions within Indigenous communities. British Columbia (BC) in unique. Unlike most other provinces in Canada, most of BC land is unceded. With such small Treaty territories in BC, please be mindful to respect Elder privacy. When citing Elders in BC, please follow citation recommendations provided earlier in this chapter, which swap Treaty information for Territorial Acknowledgements unless the Elder gives you specific permission to use the Treaty territory information.

When citing Elders in other provinces, please refer to the NorQuest citation model.

APA:

“Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.

Example: Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.” (NorQuest College Library, 2021a, para. 14)

In-text:
(Last name, year)
(Cardinal, 2004)

MLA:

“Last name, First name., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. City/Community they live in if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. Date Month Year.

Cardinal, Delores., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. 4 April 2004.” (NorQuest College Library, 2021b, para. 1)

In-text:
(Last name)
(Cardinal)

Chicago:
The Chicago Elder Citation was developed by the University of British Columbia’s Xwi7xwa Library by Librarian Bronwen McKie.