Glossary

to abide

counsel, advice

'Egypt' in byzantine times

aforementioned

Arabic: "the city"

a confederation of Germanic-speaking tribes in the area of southern Germany just north of the Alps, including Lake Constance in modern Austria. They were known to the Romans, nominally conquered by the Franks, and eventually gave their name to several languages as the generic term for “Germans” and “Germany” (e.g. French les allemands and L’Allemagne)

An ancient Roman structure, featuring a large central arena surrounded by many seats for spectators.

a feeling of hared or animosity

Also, apologetics. A defence or an explanation of Christianity.

a person who abandons or turns from religious principles

abandoning religious or political beliefs

the appearance of something supernatural or extraordinary

To claim or appropriate, usually falsely

side with

The easternmost Frankish territory

extreme greed

a Turkic-speaking people from the Eurasian steppe who in the late 560s established an empire centred on the Pannonian Plain of the Carpathian Basin region (modern Hungary, mostly); they were defeated by Charlemagne c.800 and their state dissolved

cover with water

to ask urgently, to implore

to warn of something

to express deep disappointment

title / office of bishop

a branch

intestines

a boil or swelling that is infected

A convert to Christianity, often young

a cloak worn in ancient Roman times

a metal used to strike a bell in order to make sound

a formal ceremony to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man

convenient, comfortable

guilt and regret

bestows, grants

a gathering or assembly of common individuals

to become a part of something sacred (religious generally)

being faithful and resolute in belief

insubordination, refusal to obey

Physical suffering and pains on the human body

firmly tucked under the arm and held horizontally for direct frontal attack

the act of accepting or admitting to something

shaped similar to a cube

hallucination

called/named

a state of disappointment, a loss of hope

lacking important necessities

Literally, “a god out of a machine,” named from the ancient Greek theatrical technique of resolving a difficult moment by having a god or goddess suddenly intervene; most often used metaphorically to describe a plot device in stories where a sudden and unlikely occurrence resolves an impossible situation

dejected, discouraged

a person who helps with tasks around a household

clerical, relating to the church

a large imposing structure, usually a building

decorated with

to attempt to achieve something

made weak by something

to urge or instruct

hostility

to ask with an emotional weight

A heartfelt/respectful request

run by bishops or persons of religious background

the title of bishop

declaration

wrong, incorrect

An educated guess

consecrated elements, especially the bread, which form one of the most important rituals in the Christian faith

to encourage strongly

a message of importance, advice

A batch of sticks

bliss, great happiness

a process that usually results in the creation of alcohol

Arabic: "trial" or "temptation", but here understood to mean the first Muslim civil war

better fit

sexual activity between individuals who are not married

abandoning

renounce,relinquish

immediately, without delay

weakness

the act of one killing a member of their own family

an area in Roman and Medieval times that contains much of modern day France

fasten, secure

Arabic: "report"

A lack of obedience to God. In this case, it is specific reverence for the Roman pantheon

tainted, wicked

inconvenience, disturb, disrupt

intoxicated

weakness of the body

bravery, heroism

Arabic: "submission of one's will to God"

Caesar

weak, hidden

suffering, deteriorating

a sharp blow or strike, typically given using a whip

deserving of praise

a plant native to the Mediterranean region of Africa

speaking with difficulty

a Germanic-speaking people, probably originally from northern Germany, who settled temporarily on the Pannonian Plain (modern Hungary and Slovakia) and then moved south to Italy in the 6th century CE, where they established a kingdom, 568-774

lit, glowing

Arabic: “the city of the Prophet”.

The trait of being generous or forgiving, often with reference to an individual of higher authority and/or moral corruption

disease

many / various

a female caretaker of sorts

Rulers of the Frankish Kingdom since the late 5th Century

to deal out, to assign

Arabic masjid, lit. “a place of prostration”

birth, generally referring to that of Jesus Christ

A school of thought that traces its beliefs back to those of the Greek philosopher Plato

a building / set of buildings housed by religious nuns

A person who has dedicated themselves to the service of God, but who has not yet taken formal vows

stubbornness

determined, adamant, stubborn

declared, decreed

exceeding, overshadowing

Religions with beliefs that do not involve strict principles, such as monotheism, which is central to Christian and Islamic thought. They tend to involve nature spirits, polytheistic beliefs, and be more flexible in their customs and ideas.

OED: A woollen vestment conferred by the Pope on archbishops in the Latin Church

figures in history regarded as significant father figures (often used in reference to Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob)

inherited property

eternal punishment / damnation

disease

a kingdom within eastern Rome that today is located in central Turkey

through pictures

to yearn for something

Prince of the Franks

monumental, fantastic

vulgar, blasphemous, treating something with disrespect

a descendant or descendants

the state of being correct, understanding

to forbid, to outlaw

lying [on the ground] facing down, often in a distressed manner

an act of God's will

blisters or pimples on the skin

Also sometimes rendered in English as “Koran.” Arabic: “recitation.”

Arabic: "rightly-guided ones"

Arabic: “the Messenger of God”. “Allah” is the Arabic equivalent of the English “God”.

a local official

Latin: Kingdom of the Franks

Inactivity, being in a state of stillness

a sinful, corrupt individual

a period of resting and relaxation from a duty

Arabic: “authentic” or “correct”, as in a collection of authentic hadith.

offended, horrified

treason, encouraging rebellion against an authority

the seat of power and jurisdiction for a bishop

old spelling of 'showed'

cut

comparisons

attacking, striking

An ancient Greek city which is today located in eastern Turkey

followers of a school of ancient greece, which favors skepticism and reason.

"spoke" in ancient language

The vast grasslands that stretch approximately 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from modern Ukraine in the west to northern China in the east. There is another pocket of steppe—often called the Great Hungarian or Pannonian Plain—to the west of the Carpathian Mountains in what is now Hungary. The contact zone in the West was the Pontic–Caspian steppe north of the Black Sea.

A popular roman philosophy that stressed the importance of virtue and maintaining good behavior

Arabic: "way" or "path", by implication, the correct manner of behaving.

the formation of pus

someone who takes financial responsibility for someone else

nourishment, care

stay for an extended period of time

political, earthly affairs, as opposed to spiritual

lacking confidence, apprehensive

the shaving of a monk's hair

lasting only a brief amount of time

afraid, nervous, trembling

difficult

commotion, confusion

a being brought into the universe through special means

unaffected or resistant of something

the use of the land but not its title

feelings of anxiety and general melancholy

wise and respected

accurate, truthful

the greatest extent of damage a disease can bring

Governor

deliberately cruel