Glossary

human society that relies on a large number of its members producing food through agriculture

abolition of the state and the introduction of autonomous federations based on their common identity, interests and aspirations

belief in or practice of government ‘from above’ without consent from the people

the recognition of legitimacy

fragmentation of a larger region or state into smaller regions or states

nationalism is not a political phenomenon but part of everyday life that is present in subtle ideological habits

leader of all Muslims in the world, historically a hereditary title

an economic system in which private actors own and control property and demand and supply freely set prices in markets in a way that can best serve the interests of society.

military strongmen that dominated Latin American politics during the period between early 19th century independence movements and democratic consolidation in the late 20th century.

embraces a national identity that can reflect a diversity of cultures while viewing the protection and preservation of minority cultures as a private affair and not the responsibility of government and public institutions

places emphasis on the individual and their relation to society and focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality

the use of conversation or shared dialogue to explore the meaning of something.

nationalist beliefs and practices of those who remain attached to another state that they consider their homeland, which can be imagined

form of government characterized by a single leader or a small group of people who hold power without constitutional limitations.

believing in the principle that all people deserve equality in human relations.

study of ethnicity and nationalism that focuses on the symbolic elements of ethnic communities

the result, cost or side effect of an economic activity that is not a goal of that activity and the effect is generally borne by the public rather than the producer

system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.

predominance of one state over other states

according to classical conservatives, the stratification between certain groups that is required for social order

according to Marx, forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power.

transborder mobilization used by a state towards ethnic minorities in neighboring states that “belong” to the dominant ethnic group of the homeland state

fully recognized and institutionalized form of nationalism that provides the principal vector of integration to the political culture of a state

a personas culture or collective identity that determines more of their core self/global self than other cultures they inhabit

the idea that humans are first and foremost individuals, and that the individual has supreme moral value, a key value of liberalism

period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.

the rejection of equality in human relations.

openness to immigration and cultural diversity while ensuring the continuity of the majority culture, distinctly Québécois in its origins

fairness in the way people are treated

the power to act as one pleases

conception of ‘the good life’ reflected in the state’s institutions

engaging and motivating the citizenry, drawing in large memberships and gradually supplanting the personnel of established institutions

a system by individuals characterized by their ability, skill and education (or, in short, merit) to hold power positions

nations with both polyethnic minorities as well as one or several territorially concentrated communities that were forcibly incorporated into a state.

affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, deconstruct and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation

coined by British Prime Minister David Cameron, aims to deliver integration through instilling a sense of ‘common purpose’ which includes the promotion of British values in public schools and ‘making sure that immigrants speak the language of their new home’ (Cameron, 2011)

market socialism based on cooperatives

people living within a political entity (State)

mobilize members through galvanizing the so-called “people” against the so-called “elites” and galvanizing members of the nation against non-members, foreigners or minority groups, blends elements of nationalism, populism and authoritarianism

new wave of nationalism, seeks to create new hierarchies of belonging associated with right-wing authoritarianism

political ideology focused on collective action to render the boundaries of the nation

philosophical position that the universe is orderly and alive, much like an organism

form of governance in which all power flows directly from the ruler

the median point between the most relevant political polarizations within a particular society

a configuration of concepts that describes and assesses the social world with an eye to mobilizing people for action

minority communities that emerge as by-products of immigration

exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.

the capacity to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic

principle of governance in which laws are known and apply equally to all and no one is exempt from them, including governments.

school of thought in Sunni Islam, according to which the Muslims of the first two centuries of Islam represent the religion in its purest form

the attempt to discern the activities by which that success is achieved by way of systematic observation and experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and the formation and testing of hypotheses and theories.

seek to correct to transform society through pragmatic solutions (rationalist)

ideology that society should aspire to become an egalitarian community and social progress should be made to emancipate people from any kind of oppression

a intergenerational community that provides individuals with a set of values, purpose in one’s life, and a understanding of what the good life constitutes.

also known as ethnic nationalism, prominent among members of a group who seek to build their own sovereign state.

may refer to: (a) the lands ruled by a sultan, (b) the hereditary rule of sultans, or (c) a particular dynasty

the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise

willingness to accept moral, cultural, and political diversity

any single individuals decision not to pollute or to overuse natural resources will only result in someone else doing so, making their effort futile and economically harmful

a set of idealistic currents that seek to transform society through ideal organizations