Exercise 1: Character Encoding Converter

The objective of this exercise is to practice working with character encodings. Your task is to write a program (using pseudocode or a programming language of your choice) that takes a string input and outputs the ASCII and Unicode code points for each character. In addition, there should be support for converting between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings.

Exercise 2: Integer Representation Simulator

The objective of this exercise is to understand binary representations of signed integers. Your task is to create a program (using pseudocode or a programming language of your choice) that accepts a decimal integer and displays its binary representation in:

• Unsigned format
• Sign-magnitude
• One’s complement
• Two’s complement

Include overflow detection for fixed bit-widths (e.g., 8-bit, 16-bit).

Exercise 3: Floating-Point Encoder

The objective of this exercise is to explore the IEEE 754 floating-point format. Your task is to write a program (using pseudocode or a programming language of your choice) that takes a decimal number and outputs its IEEE 754 single-precision binary representation. Include a decoder that converts the binary back to decimal.

Exercise 4: Memory Viewer Tool

The objective of this exercise is to simulate how data is stored and interpreted in memory. Your task is to build a tool (using pseudocode or a programming language of your choice) that accepts a 32-bit binary string and allows the user to interpret it as:

• An unsigned integer
• A signed integer
• A floating-point number
• A character array

Add support for endianness (big-endian vs little-endian).

Exercise 5: Sensor Data Logger

The objective of this exercise is to combine multiple data types in a real-world context. Your task is to simulate a smart device (using pseudocode or a programming language of your choice) that logs:

• Device ID (hex)
• Temperature (float)
• Status (Boolean)
• Timestamp (binary)

Store each log entry as a tuple and print a formatted summary of the data.